Salmos 78

1Maskil de Asaf. Escucha, pueblo mío, mi enseñanza; presta oído a las palabras de mis labios.

2Voy a abrir mi boca en un poema, y evocaré escondidas lecciones del pasado.

3Lo que hemos oído y aprendido, lo que nos han contado nuestros padres,

4no lo ocultaremos a sus hijos; relataremos a la generación venidera las glorias de Yahvé y su poderío, y las maravillas que Él hizo.

5Porque Él, habiendo dado testimonio a Jacob, y establecido una ley en Israel, mandó a nuestros padres enseñarlo a sus hijos,

6para que lo supiera la generación siguiente, y a su vez los hijos nacidos de esta lo narrasen a sus propios hijos;

7de suerte que pongan en Dios su confianza, no olvidando los beneficios de Yahvé y observando sus mandamientos;

8para que no vengan a ser como sus padres, una raza indócil y contumaz; generación que no tuvo el corazón sencillo ni el espíritu fiel a Dios.

9Los hijos de Efraím, muy diestros arqueros, volvieron las espaldas en el día de la batalla;

10no guardaron la alianza con Dios, rehusaron seguir su ley;

11olvidaron sus obras y las maravillas que hizo ante los ojos de ellos.

12A la vista de sus padres Él había hecho prodigios en el país de Egipto, en los campos de Tanis.

13Dividió el mar por medio, y los hizo pasar, sosteniendo las aguas como un muro.

14De día los guiaba con la nube y toda la noche con un resplandor de fuego.

15Hendió la roca en el desierto, y les dio de beber aguas copiosísimas.

16Sacó torrentes de la peña, hizo salir aguas como ríos.

17Mas ellos continuaron pecando contra Él, resistiendo al Altísimo en el yermo;

18tentaron a Dios en sus corazones, pidiendo comida según su antojo.

19Y hablando mal de Dios, dijeron: “¿Podrá Dios prepararnos una mesa en el desierto?

20Cierto es que hirió la peña, y brotaron aguas y corrieron torrentes; mas ¿podrá también dar pan y proveer de carne a su pueblo?”

21Yahvé lo oyó y se indignó; su fuego se encendió contra Jacob, y subió de punto su ira contra Israel,

22porque no creyeron a Dios, ni confiaron en su auxilio.

23Con todo, ordenó a las nubes en lo alto, abrió las puertas del cielo,

24y llovió sobre ellos maná para su sustento, dándoles trigo del cielo.

25Pan de fuertes comió el hombre, les envió comida hasta hartarlos.

26Después levantó el viento solano en el cielo, guio con su poder el ábrego,

27y llovió sobre ellos carne tanta como el polvo; aves volátiles como arena del mar

28cayeron en su campamento, en derredor de sus tiendas.

29Y comieron y se hartaron. Así Él les dio lo que habían deseado.

30Mas no bien satisfecho su apetito, y estando el manjar aún en su boca,

31se alzó contra ellos la ira de Dios, e hizo estragos entre los más fuertes, y abatió a la flor de Israel.

32Sin embargo, pecaron de nuevo, y no dieron crédito a sus milagros.

33Y Él consumió sus días en un soplo, y sus años con repentinas calamidades.

34Cuando les enviaba la muerte, entonces recurrían a Él, y volvían a convertirse a Dios,

35recordando que Dios era su roca, y el Altísimo su Libertador.

36Pero lo lisonjeaban con su boca, y con su lengua le mentían;

37su corazón no era sincero para con Él, y no permanecieron fieles a su alianza.

38Él, no obstante, en su misericordia, les perdonaba su culpa, y no los exterminaba. Muchas veces contuvo su ira, y no permitió que se desahogase toda su indignación,

39acordándose de que eran carne, un soplo que se va y no vuelve.

40¡Cuántas veces lo provocaron en el desierto; cuántas lo irritaron en aquella soledad!

41Y no cesaban de tentar a Dios, de afligir al Santo de Israel.

42No se acordaban ya de su mano, de aquel día en que los libertó del poder del opresor,

43cuando Él ostentó sus prodigios en Egipto, y sus maravillas en los campos de Tanis,

44trocando en sangre sus ríos y sus canales, para que no bebiesen;

45enviando contra ellos unos tábanos que los devoraban, y ranas que los infectaron;

46entregando sus cosechas a la oruga, y el fruto de su trabajo a la langosta;

47destruyendo con el granizo sus viñas, y con heladas sus higueras;

48librando a la peste sus manadas, y sus rebaños al contagio;

49desatando contra ellos el ardor de su ira, su indignación, el furor, el castigo: un tropel de ejecutores de calamidad;

50dando libre paso a su saña, y entregando a ellos mismos a la peste, sin perdonar sus propias vidas,

51y matando a todo primogénito en Egipto, las primicias del vigor en las tiendas de Cam.

52Ni recordaban cuando como ovejas sacó a los de su pueblo, y los guio como un rebaño por el desierto,

53y los condujo con seguridad y sin temor, mientras sepultaba a sus enemigos en el mar.

54Y los llevó a su tierra santa, a los montes que conquistó su diestra;

55expulsó ante ellos a los gentiles, en suertes repartió la heredad de estos, y en sus pabellones hizo habitar a las tribus de Israel.

56Pero ellos aun tentaron y provocaron al Dios Altísimo, y no guardaron sus mandamientos.

57Apostataron y fueron traidores, como sus padres; fallaron como un arco torcido.

58Lo movieron a ira con sus lugares altos, y con sus esculturas le excitaron los celos.

59Ardió con esto el furor de Dios; acerbamente apartó de sí a Israel,

60y abandonó el Tabernáculo de Silo, la morada que tenía entre los hombres.

61Abandonó al cautiverio su fortaleza, y su gloria en manos del adversario.

62Entregó su pueblo a la espada, y se irritó contra su herencia.

63El fuego devoró a sus jóvenes, y sus doncellas no fueron desposadas.

64A cuchillo cayeron sus sacerdotes, y sus viudas no los lloraron.

65El Señor despertó entonces como de un sueño -cual gigante adormecido por el vino-

66e hirió a los enemigos en la zaga, cubriéndolos de ignominia para siempre.

67Mas reprobó la tienda de José, y a la tribu de Efraím no la eligió,

68y prefirió a la tribu de Judá, el monte Sión, su predilecto.

69Y levantó, como cielo, su santuario, como la tierra, que fundó para siempre.

70Y escogió a su siervo David, sacándolo de entre los rebaños de ovejas;

71detrás de las que amamantaban lo llamó, para que apacentase a Jacob, su pueblo, y a Israel, su heredad.

72Y él los apacentó con sencillez de corazón, y los guio con la destreza de sus manos.

1Intellectus Asaph. [Attendite, popule meus, legem meam; inclinate aurem vestram in verba oris mei.

2Aperiam in parabolis os meum; loquar propositiones ab initio.

3Quanta audivimus, et cognovimus ea, et patres nostri narraverunt nobis.

4Non sunt occultata a filiis eorum in generatione altera, narrantes laudes Domini et virtutes ejus, et mirabilia ejus quæ fecit.

5Et suscitavit testimonium in Jacob, et legem posuit in Israël, quanta mandavit patribus nostris nota facere ea filiis suis:

6ut cognoscat generatio altera: filii qui nascentur et exsurgent, et narrabunt filiis suis,

7ut ponant in Deo spem suam, et non obliviscantur operum Dei, et mandata ejus exquirant:

8ne fiant, sicut patres eorum, generatio prava et exasperans; generatio quæ non direxit cor suum, et non est creditus cum Deo spiritus ejus.

9Filii Ephrem, intendentes et mittentes arcum, conversi sunt in die belli.

10Non custodierunt testamentum Dei, et in lege ejus noluerunt ambulare.

11Et obliti sunt benefactorum ejus, et mirabilium ejus quæ ostendit eis.

12Coram patribus eorum fecit mirabilia in terra Ægypti, in campo Taneos.

13Interrupit mare, et perduxit eos, et statuit aquas quasi in utre:

14et deduxit eos in nube diei, et tota nocte in illuminatione ignis.

15Interrupit petram in eremo, et adaquavit eos velut in abysso multa.

16Et eduxit aquam de petra, et deduxit tamquam flumina aquas.

17Et apposuerunt adhuc peccare ei; in iram excitaverunt Excelsum in inaquoso.

18Et tentaverunt Deum in cordibus suis, ut peterent escas animabus suis.

19Et male locuti sunt de Deo; dixerunt: Numquid poterit Deus parare mensam in deserto?

20quoniam percussit petram, et fluxerunt aquæ, et torrentes inundaverunt. Numquid et panem poterit dare, aut parare mensam populo suo?

21Ideo audivit Dominus et distulit; et ignis accensus est in Jacob, et ira ascendit in Israël:

22quia non crediderunt in Deo, nec speraverunt in salutari ejus.

23Et mandavit nubibus desuper, et januas cæli aperuit.

24Et pluit illis manna ad manducandum, et panem cæli dedit eis.

25Panem angelorum manducavit homo; cibaria misit eis in abundantia.

26Transtulit austrum de cælo, et induxit in virtute sua africum.

27Et pluit super eos sicut pulverem carnes, et sicut arenam maris volatilia pennata.

28Et ceciderunt in medio castrorum eorum, circa tabernacula eorum.

29Et manducaverunt, et saturati sunt nimis, et desiderium eorum attulit eis:

30non sunt fraudati a desiderio suo. Adhuc escæ eorum erant in ore ipsorum,

31et ira Dei ascendit super eos: et occidit pingues eorum, et electos Israël impedivit.

32In omnibus his peccaverunt adhuc, et non crediderunt in mirabilibus ejus.

33Et defecerunt in vanitate dies eorum, et anni eorum cum festinatione.

34Cum occideret eos, quærebant eum et revertebantur, et diluculo veniebant ad eum.

35Et rememorati sunt quia Deus adjutor est eorum, et Deus excelsus redemptor eorum est.

36Et dilexerunt eum in ore suo, et lingua sua mentiti sunt ei;

37cor autem eorum non erat rectum cum eo, nec fideles habiti sunt in testamento ejus.

38Ipse autem est misericors, et propitius fiet peccatis eorum, et non disperdet eos. Et abundavit ut averteret iram suam, et non accendit omnem iram suam.

39Et recordatus est quia caro sunt, spiritus vadens et non rediens.

40Quoties exacerbaverunt eum in deserto; in iram concitaverunt eum in inaquoso?

41Et conversi sunt, et tentaverunt Deum, et sanctum Israël exacerbaverunt.

42Non sunt recordati manus ejus, die qua redemit eos de manu tribulantis:

43sicut posuit in Ægypto signa sua, et prodigia sua in campo Taneos;

44et convertit in sanguinem flumina eorum, et imbres eorum, ne biberent.

45Misit in eos cœnomyiam, et comedit eos, et ranam, et disperdidit eos;

46et dedit ærugini fructus eorum, et labores eorum locustæ;

47et occidit in grandine vineas eorum, et moros eorum in pruina;

48et tradidit grandini jumenta eorum, et possessionem eorum igni;

49misit in eos iram indignationis suæ, indignationem, et iram, et tribulationem, immissiones per angelos malos.

50Viam fecit semitæ iræ suæ: non pepercit a morte animabus eorum, et jumenta eorum in morte conclusit:

51et percussit omne primogenitum in terra Ægypti; primitias omnis laboris eorum in tabernaculis Cham:

52et abstulit sicut oves populum suum, et perduxit eos tamquam gregem in deserto:

53et deduxit eos in spe, et non timuerunt, et inimicos eorum operuit mare.

54Et induxit eos in montem sanctificationis suæ, montem quem acquisivit dextera ejus; et ejecit a facie eorum gentes, et sorte divisit eis terram in funiculo distributionis;

55et habitare fecit in tabernaculis eorum tribus Israël.

56Et tentaverunt, et exacerbaverunt Deum excelsum, et testimonia ejus non custodierunt.

57Et averterunt se, et non servaverunt pactum: quemadmodum patres eorum, conversi sunt in arcum pravum.

58In iram concitaverunt eum in collibus suis, et in sculptilibus suis ad æmulationem eum provocaverunt.

59Audivit Deus, et sprevit, et ad nihilum redegit valde Israël.

60Et repulit tabernaculum Silo, tabernaculum suum, ubi habitavit in hominibus.

61Et tradidit in captivitatem virtutem eorum, et pulchritudinem eorum in manus inimici.

62Et conclusit in gladio populum suum, et hæreditatem suam sprevit.

63Juvenes eorum comedit ignis, et virgines eorum non sunt lamentatæ.

64Sacerdotes eorum in gladio ceciderunt, et viduæ eorum non plorabantur.

65Et excitatus est tamquam dormiens Dominus, tamquam potens crapulatus a vino.

66Et percussit inimicos suos in posteriora; opprobrium sempiternum dedit illis.

67Et repulit tabernaculum Joseph, et tribum Ephraim non elegit:

68sed elegit tribum Juda, montem Sion, quem dilexit.

69Et ædificavit sicut unicornium sanctificium suum, in terra quam fundavit in sæcula.

70Et elegit David, servum suum, et sustulit eum de gregibus ovium; de post fœtantes accepit eum:

71pascere Jacob servum suum, et Israël hæreditatem suam.

72Et pavit eos in innocentia cordis sui, et in intellectibus manuum suarum deduxit eos.]

1Understanding for Asaph. Attend, O my people, to my law: incline your ears to the words of my mouth.

2I will open my mouth in parables: I will utter propositions from the beginning.

3How great things have we heard and known, and our fathers have told us.

4They have not been hidden from their children, in another generation. Declaring the praises of the Lord, and his powers, and his wonders which he hath done.

5And he set up a testimony in Jacob: and made a law in Israel. How great things he commanded our fathers, that they should make the same known to their children:

6That another generation might know them. The children that should be born and should rise up, and declare them to their children.

7That they may put their hope in God and may not forget the works of God: and may seek his commandments.

8That they may not become like their fathers, a perverse and exasperating generation. A generation that set not their heart aright: and whose spirit was not faithful to God.

9The sons of Ephraim who bend and shoot with the bow: they have turned back in the day of battle.

10They kept not the covenant of God: and in his law they would not walk.

11And they forgot his benefits, and his wonders that he had shewn them.

12Wonderful things did he do in the sight of their fathers, in the land of Egypt, in the field of Tanis.

13He divided the sea and brought them through: and he made the waters to stand as in a vessel.

14And he conducted them with a cloud by day: and all the night with a light of fire.

15He struck the rock in the wilderness: and gave them to drink, as out of the great deep.

16He brought forth water out of the rock: and made streams run down as rivers.

17And they added yet more sin against him: they provoked the most High to wrath in the place without water.

18And they tempted God in their hearts, by asking meat for their desires.

19And they spoke ill of God: they said: Can God furnish a table in the wilderness?

20Because he struck the rock, and the waters gushed out, and the streams overflowed. Can he also give bread, or provide a table for his people?

21Therefore the Lord heard, and was angry: and a fire was kindled against Jacob, and wrath came up against Israel.

22Because they believed not in God: and trusted not in his salvation.

23And he had commanded the clouds from above, and had opened the doors of heaven.

24And had rained down manna upon them to eat, and had given them the bread of heaven.

25Man ate the bread of angels: he sent them provisions in abundance.

26He removed the south wind from heaven: and by his power brought in the southwest wind.

27And he rained upon them flesh as dust: and feathered fowls like as the sand of the sea.

28And they fell in the midst of their camp, round about their pavilions.

29So they did eat, and were filled exceedingly, and he gave them their desire:

30They were not defrauded of that which they craved. As yet their meat was in their mouth:

31And the wrath of God came upon them. And he slew the fat ones amongst them, and brought down the chosen men of Israel.

32In all these things they sinned still: and they believed not for his wondrous works.

33And their days were consumed in vanity, and their years in haste.

34When he slew them, then they sought him: and they returned, and came to him early in the morning.

35And they remembered that God was their helper: and the most high God their redeemer.

36And they loved him with their mouth: and with their tongue they lied unto him:

37But their heart was not right with him: nor were they counted faithful in his covenant.

38But he is merciful, and will forgive their sins: and will not destroy them. And many a time did he turn away his anger: and did not kindle all his wrath.

39And he remembered that they are flesh: a wind that goeth and returneth not.

40How often did they provoke him in the desert: and move him to wrath in the place without water?

41And they turned back and tempted God: and grieved the holy one of Israel.

42They remembered not his hand, in the day that he redeemed them from the hand of him that afflicted them:

43How he wrought his signs in Egypt, and his wonders in the field of Tanis.

44And he turned their rivers into blood, and their showers that they might, not drink.

45He sent amongst them divers sores of flies, which devoured them: and frogs which destroyed them.

46And he gave up their fruits to the blast, and their labours to the locust.

47And he destroyed their vineyards with hail, and their mulberry trees with hoarfrost.

48And he gave up their cattle to the hail, and their stock to the fire.

49And he sent upon them the wrath of his indignation: indignation and wrath and trouble, which he sent by evil angels.

50He made a way for a path to his anger: he spared not their souls from death, and their cattle he shut up in death.

51And he killed all the firstborn in the land of Egypt: the firstfruits of all their labour in the tabernacles of Cham.

52And he took away his own people as sheep: and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.

53And he brought them out in hope, and they feared not: band the sea overwhelmed their enemies.

54And he brought them into the mountain of his sanctuary: the mountain which his right hand had purchased. And he cast out the Gentiles before them: and by lot divided to them their land by a line of distribution.

55And he made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tabernacles.

56Yet they tempted, and provoked the most high God: and they kept not his testimonies.

57And they turned away, and kept not the covenant: even like their fathers they were turned aside as a crooked bow.

58They provoked him to anger on their hills: and moved him to jealousy with their graven things.

59God heard, and despised them, and he reduced Israel exceedingly as it were to nothing.

60And he put away the tabernacle of Silo, his tabernacle where he dwelt among men.

61And he delivered their strength into captivity: and their beauty into the hands of the enemy.

62And he shut up his people under the sword: and he despised his inheritance.

63Fire consumed their young men: and their maidens were not lamented.

64Their priests fell by the sword: and their widows did not mourn.

65And the Lord was awaked as one out of sleep, and like a mighty man that hath been surfeited with wine.

66And he smote his enemies on the hinder parts: he put them to an everlasting reproach.

67And he rejected the tabernacle of Joseph: and chose not the tribe of Ephraim:

68But he chose the tribe of Juda, mount Sion which he loved.

69And he built his sanctuary as of unicorns, in the land which he founded for ever.

70And he chose his servant David, and took him from the hocks of sheep: he brought him from following the ewes great with young,

71To feed Jacob his servant, and Israel his inheritance.

72And he fed them in the innocence of his heart: and conducted them by the skillfulness of his hands.